J Korean Soc Cosmetol > Volume 30(6); 2024 > Article
전문가용 염색 차트에서 A,M,L사의 네츄럴 색상 비교

Abstract

It's human nature to crave beauty, and to this day, many people spend a lot of time taking care of their appearance. The desire to be beautiful has led to the rapid development of the beauty industry, but it is not supported by the professional knowledge of hair salon workers. This study aims to help the beauty industry by comparing and analyzing the differences between the hair color charts of various hair dye companies by quantifying the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of their non-reflective natural hair dyes to improve the professionalism of hair salon workers and increase customer satisfaction. The colorimeter (CR-400, Chroma meter) used for the color comparison was a Konica minolta (Tokyo, Japan), and the values of lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the hair color charts of Company A, Company M, and Company L were measured five times and compared. The results showed that Company M had the highest brightness and Company L had the lowest, while Company A had the highest redness and Company L had the highest yellowness. Although there are limitations in that the selected hair dye brands and colors were not diverse, and comparisons with actual dyeing results could not be made, this study is expected to help identify the differences between natural hair dyes, and to increase the professionalism of hair salon workers to increase trust with customers, which will benefit the Korean beauty industry.

Ⅰ. Introduction

It is a primal instinct for humans to constantly crave and admire beauty, and even in modern times, many people continue to take care of their appearance to make themselves beautiful (Lee, 2020). The desire to be beautiful has led to the rapid development of the beauty industry as Korea's economy and cultural level have improved (Cha, 2013). In addition, the development of video media has led to the sharing of various values among people, and total fashion that allows people to show their individuality rather than simply chasing trends has begun to attract attention, and hair color has become a big part of this. However, hair color is not only expressed in one color, but there are myriad ways of expressing hair color, such as controlling the weight with darkness and lightness of the color, and expressing the effect of enlargement and reduction and texture (Song, 2008). In addition, the acquisition of professional knowledge through social media has made it possible for ordinary people to easily and beautifully maintain their hair, and it has become insufficient to grasp the needs of consumers by simply using dyeing techniques that are based on trends or preferences (Lee, 2022).
Previous studies on the importance of hair coloring include Lee, Do-Sun, 2021, who stated that hair coloring plays a role in increasing self-esteem and self-confidence by creating a positive and favorable impression, and Jang, Yeon-Hee, 2012, who found that self-efficacy improves with satisfaction with hair coloring. However, it was found that hair salon workers do not receive enough professional training, or few workers acquire and use the training contents correctly, and it is difficult to predict the resulting color during hair coloring services (Choi, 2015).
The development of the hair dye market due to the diverse needs of customers has led to the development of various dyes not only by Korean manufacturers but also globally, but the types of dyes used by hair salon workers are limited. The reason for this is that users tend to dye only the colors they are familiar with because they lack confidence in the color during dyeing services (Kim, 2015).
In other words, although customers' expectations of coloring and the market for coloring are improving day by day, salon workers still have difficulty predicting the resulting color, and although there are previous studies on the importance of coloring, there is a lack of research on the selection of dyes for each customer's hair to solve the difficulty of predicting the resulting color for salon workers.
This study compares the colors of non-reflective natural hair dyes by manufacturer to find out the characteristics of each manufacturer's hair dye so that hair salon workers can identify the hair of their clients when performing hair dyeing procedures and reduce the error between the desired color and the resulting color. To do this, we selected three professional hair dyes used in hair salons, The researcher chose Company A, M, and L among the many hair dye manufacturers because they are universally used in hair salons, and the Korea Corporate Reputation Institute analyzed hair dye brands with big data in June 2022 and found that, except for self-dye, Company M ranked highest among Japanese products, Company A ranked highest among Korean products, and Company L ranked highest among European products (Korea Corporate Reputation Institute, 2024). This study quantifies the brightness, redness, and yellowness of the natural line dye colors in the hair color charts of A, M, and L using the L*a*b* colorimetric system to accurately present the differences so that hair salon workers can be more professional and reduce the error between the customer's desired color and the resulting color. This is important for hair salon workers to help them color hair.

II. Theoretical Background

1. Definition of dyeing

Hair coloring is the alteration of the natural shade of the hair by chemicals, and can be defined as bleaching to lighten the natural color of the hair and tinting it with various colors. Other words for hair coloring are hair coloring, hair dye, and hair tint (Kim & Kim, 2001).
The oxidizing hair dyes currently in common use were developed from para-phenylenediamine, discovered by Hoffmann in 1863, followed by paratoluenediamine (Choe, 2017).
In 1907, French chemist Eugène Schiele developed a hair dye formula based on organic and inorganic derivatives, which led to the establishment of a French hair dye company called L'Oréal in 1910. In 1925, hair dyes based on oxidizing dyes began to be developed, and today we have a wide variety of colors (Kim, 2015).

2. Definition of hair

The shape of the hair varies depending on gender, age, race, and individual, and the inner surface of the hair is composed of three layers: the outermost layer, the cuticle, which makes up the majority of the hair, and the medulla, which is the center of the hair.
The hair cuticle is made up of 5 to 10 layers of keratinized keratinocytes, which are made up of keratin proteins, and there can be as many as 20 layers. The hair cuticle protects the hair from external stimuli and determines the hair's properties such as wetness and shine. The hair cuticle is composed of three layers: the inner, outer, and outermost cuticle.
The cuticle is hydrophilic and is the most affected by chemical treatments. It consists of cortical cells and interstitial material. Cortical cells are long polypeptide bonds of light proteins and are subdivided into fibrils, which are spindle-shaped bundles of fibers that are subdivided into macrofibrils, microfibrils, and fibrils, and are filled with interstitial material, which is a non-crystalline region of soft proteins. The interstitial layer, which is weak to hydrogen bonding and susceptible to chemical damage, determines the strength, elasticity, flexibility, and thickness of the hair.
The cuticle is located at the very center of the hair and contains air, which determines the shine of the hair depending on the amount of air in the cuticle. It also acts as a heat insulator (Lee, 2020).

3. CIE colorimetric system L*a*b* colorimetry (CIE LAB)

In 1931, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) developed the CIE Colorimetric System, a color system that standardizes information about light sources and observers, and quantifies the colors that observers see in a standard light source. The CIE color system is the representative color system of the colorimetric system and is used as a standard. It is a colorimetric system based on pseudochromatic color, which is the color of light using the three primary colors of light, R, C, and B. It is a color system that is appropriate when you want to scientifically objectify colors based on measurements taken with a spectrophotometer.
The L*a*b* colorimetric system is a colorimetric system published by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) in 1976, which is a model of a perceptually evenly spaced color space and is widely used in academia as a colorimetric system for color difference, and is the colorimetric system used in this paper. L in the Lab format represents lightness and is displayed on the vertical axis, a is the redness and b is the yellowness. It is based on four primary colors, +a is red, -a is green, +b is yellow, and -b is blue, and the saturation increases from the center to the outside. The coordinates of the a* and b* values represent the overall change in color and saturation, with larger numbers being more saturated. If the a* value and b* value are both positive (+), the color is composed of red and yellow, so it becomes an orange color, and if the a* value is positive (+) and the b* value is negative (-), the color is composed of red and blue, so it becomes a purple color (Lee, 2020).

Ⅲ. Contents and Methods

1. Reasons to choose a brand

The researcher chose A, M, and L among the many hair dye manufacturers because these brands are universally used in hair salons, and according to the June 2022 big data analysis of hair dye brands by the Korea Corporate Reputation Institute, M is the highest ranked Japanese brand, A is the highest ranked Korean brand, and L is the highest ranked European brand among professional hair dyes, excluding self-dye.

2. Reasons to choose 1, 3, 5, 7 Level

Company A, Company M, and Company L, and analyzed the color difference between their natural hair dyes without reflective light using the L*a*b* colorimetric system. Company A's natural hair dyes are 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 13; Company M's natural hair dyes are 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13; and Company L's natural hair dyes are 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10. Among them, only the common 1, 3, 5, 7 are compared and analyzed.

3. Compare Hair Color Chart L*a*b* Values

As it is a study to compare colors, we selected hair dye products of different brands of hair dye from different countries, such as Korean brand A, Japanese brand M, and French brand L, to see the distinct differences. The color difference meter was a KONICA MINOLTA CR-400, and the L*a*b* value of the Hair Color Chart sample was measured five times to find the average value and standard deviation to determine the difference in the L*a*b* value of red based on the measured data.

Ⅳ. Result

1. L*a*b* Values

1) L Company Hair Color Chart L*a*b* Values

The L*a*b* values of natural lines 1, 3, 5, and 7 of Company L are as shown in <Table 1>.
The mean values of the virgin hair of Company L's 1 are L*=16.3±0.02, a*=0.3±0.11, b*=1.3±0.03, and the white hair is L*=13.5±0.26, a*=0.00±0.05, b*=0.9±0.06. The mean value of the virgin hat for 3 is L*=15.4±0.05, a*=0.5±0.03, b*=3.0±0.04, and the mean value of the white hat is L*=16.1±0.08, a*=0.3±0.04, b*=3.0±0.06. The mean value of the virgin hat for 5 is L*=18.1±0.01, a*=2.7±0.07, b*=6.3±0.06, and the mean value of the white hat is L*= 20.4±0.11, a*=2.4±0.06, b*=6.3±0.04. The mean values for virgin hair at 7 are L*=23.1±0.01, a*=3.7±0.07, b*=8.0±0.04, and white hair is L*= 31.4±0.03, a*=5.9±0.02, b*=16.1±0.03.

2) M Company Hair Color Chart L*a*b* Values

The L*a*b* values of natural lines 1, 3, 5, and 7 of Company M are shown in <Table 2>.
The mean values of the virgin hair of Company M's 1 are L*=16.27±0.01, a*=0.43±0.2, b*=10.57±0.57, and the white hair is L*=17.30±0.03, a*=0.29±0.08, b*=-1.18±0.03. The mean values of the virgin hairs in 3 are L*=17.56±0.02, a*=0.42±0.03, b*=0.47±0.01, while the white hairs are L*=18.13±0.02, a*=2.81±0.06, b*=2.03±0.02. The mean values for the virgin hat of 5 are L*=19.70±0.02, a*=3.40±0.04, b*=4.88±0.03, while the white hat is L*=19.44±0.01, a*=4.07±0.02, b*=5.81±0.04. The mean values of the virgin hairs in 7 are L*=21.05±0.05, a*=4.62±0.06, b*=6.67±0.07, and the white hairs are L*=28.00±0.04, a*=5.90±0.03, b*=8.00±0.02.

3) A Company Hair Color Chart L*a*b* Values

The L*a*b* values of natural lines 1, 3, 5, and 7 of Company A are as shown in <Table 3>.
The mean values of the virgin hair of Company A's 1 are L*=16.52±0.11, a*=9.65±0.07, b*=-0.07±0.10, and the white hair is L*=16.48±0.09, a*=7.17±0.06, b*=1.37±0.02. The mean values of the virgin hairs in 3 are L*=14.95±0.41, a*=5.95±0.31, b*=1.24±0.05, while the white hairs are L*=19.71±0.08, a*=12.91±0.07, b*=4.27±0.04. The mean values of the virgin hairs for 5 are L*=17.20±0.14, a*=11.49±0.23, b*=2.76±0.07, while the white hairs are L*=21.01±0.19, a*=14.20±0.07, b*=6.36±0.06. The mean values of the virgin hairs in 7 are L*=19.50±0.23, a*=15.94±0.04, b*=6.11±0.07, and the white hairs are L*=23.72±0.17, a*=13.42±0.17, b*=7.65±0.08.

4) Compare L*a*b* values across hair dye brands

To compare the three natural hair dye lines, the researcher first quantified and compared the ΔL*a*b* of L and M, then L and A, and finally M and A. The ΔL*a*b* of the three natural hair dye lines was compared.

(1) Compare the L*a*b* values for L Compared to M

The comparison of natural lines L*a*b* between L and M is shown in Table 4.
The 1 virgin hat differences between L and M are ΔL*=+0.03, Δa*=-0.13, and Δb*=-9.27, while the white hat differences are ΔL*=-3.8, Δa*=-0.29, and Δb*=+2.08. 3 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=-2.16, Δa*=+0.08, Δb*=+2.53, while the white hat is ΔL*=-2.03, Δa*=-2.51, Δb*=+0.97. 5 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=-1.6, Δa*=-0.7, Δb*=+1.42, while the white hat is ΔL*=+0.96, Δa*=-1.67, Δb*=+0.49. 7 The virgin hair differences are ΔL*=+2.05, Δa*=-0.92, Δb*=+1.33, while the white hair is ΔL*=+3.4, Δa*=0, Δb*=+8.1.

(2) Compare the L*a*b* values for L compared to A

The natural line L*a*b* comparison values for L and A are as shown in Table 5.
The 1 virgin hat differences between L and A are ΔL*= -0.22, Δa*=-9.35, and Δb*=+1.37, while the white hat differences are ΔL*=-2.98, Δa*=-7.17, and Δb*=-0.47. 3 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=+0.45, Δa*=-5.45, Δb*=+1.76, while the white hat is ΔL*=-3.61, Δa*=+12.61, Δb*=-1.27. 5 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=+0.9, Δa*=-8.79, Δb*=+3.54, while the white hat is ΔL*=-0.61, Δa*=-11.8, Δb*=-0.06. 7 The virgin hair differences are ΔL*=+3.6, Δa*=-12.24, Δb*=+1.89, while the white hair is ΔL*=+7.68, Δa*=-7.52, Δb*=+8.45.

(3) Compare the L*a*b* values for M compared to A

The natural line L*a*b* comparison values for M and A are shown in Table 6.
The 1 virgin hat differences between M and A are ΔL*=-0.25, Δa*=-9.22, and Δb*=+10.64, while the white hat differences are ΔL*=+0.82, Δa*=-6.88, and Δb*=-2.55. 3 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=+2.61, Δa*=-5.53, Δb*=-0.77, while the white hat is ΔL*=-1.58, Δa*=-10.1, Δb*=-2.24. 5 The virgin hat difference values are ΔL*=+2.5, Δa*=-8.09, Δb*=+2.12, while the white hat is ΔL*=-1.57, Δa*=-10.13, Δb*=-0.55. 7 The virgin hair difference values are ΔL*=+1.55, Δa*=-11.32, Δb*=+0.56, while the white hair is ΔL*=+4.28, Δa*=-7.52, Δb*=+0.35.
In level 1 virgin hair, L* is highest in the order of A, L, and M, while in white hair, it is highest in the order of M, A, and L. a* is highest in the order of A, M, and L in virgin hair, while in white hair, it is highest in the order of A, M, and L. Finally, b* is highest in the order of M, A, and L in virgin hair, while in white hair, it is highest in the order of A, L, and M. Finally, b* is the highest in the order of M, A, and L in virgin hair, and A, L, and M in white hair. In other words, in level 1 virgin hair, A has the highest brightness and redness, and M has the highest yellowishness, while in dense hair, A has the highest redness and yellowishness, and M has the highest brightness.
In level 3 virgin hair, L* is highest for M, A, and L, while in white hair, it is highest for A, M, and L. a* is highest for A, L, and M in virgin hair, while in white hair, it is highest for A, M, and L. Finally, b* is highest for A, M, and L in virgin hair. Finally, b* is the highest in the order of L, M, and A in virgin hair, and A, L, and M in white hair. In other words, in level 3 virgin hair, M is the highest in brightness, A is the highest in redness, and L is the highest in yellowness, while A is the highest in brightness, redness, and yellowness.
In level 5 virgin hair, L* is higher in M, A, and L, while in white hair, it is higher in A, L, and M. a* is higher in A, M, and L in virgin hair, while in white hair, it is higher in A, M, and L. Finally, b* is higher in A, M, and L in virgin hair. Finally, b* is the highest in the order of L, M, and A in virgin hair, and A, L, and M in white hair. In other words, in level 5 virgin hair, as in level 3, M is the highest in brightness, A is the highest in redness, and L is the highest in yellowness, while A is the highest in brightness, redness, and yellowness in white hair.
Finally, L* is highest for level 7 virgin hair, followed by L, M, and A, and the same for white hair, followed by L, M, and A. a* is highest for virgin hair, followed by A, M, and L, and the same for white hair. In white hair, it was higher in the order of A, M, and L. Finally, b* is the highest in the order of L, M, and A in virgin hair, and M, A, and L in white hair. In other words, in level 7 virgin hair, L has the highest brightness and yellowness, and A has the highest redness. In dense hair, L has the highest brightness, M has the highest redness, and M has the highest yellowness.

Ⅴ. Conclusion

This study quantifies the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of the natural line without reflected light among the hair color charts of each manufacturer, compares and analyzes the characteristics of each manufacturer, and presents the differences, so that hair salon workers can know the differences between hair dyes of each manufacturer and choose the appropriate hair dye after identifying the characteristics of the customer's hair. This helps to reduce the gap between the resulting color and the expected color, and furthermore, it helps to increase customer satisfaction, which is beneficial to the beauty industry.
The following is a comparison analysis of the values of lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of natural line hair dyes without reflected light, focusing on Korean brand A, Japanese brand M, and French brand L, in a hair color chart.
First, Company A has the highest redness in all levels 1, 3, 5, and 7, and the highest brightness and yellowness in white hair in levels 3 and 5. In other words, Company A's natural line has more red in it compared to Company 3, and the dyes in levels 3 and 5 have higher brightness, redness, and yellowness when used on white hair, indicating that the colors are darker than other manufacturers.
Secondly, Company M has higher brightness than Company 3 when used on virgin hair at levels 3 and 5. You can use it if you want a slightly brighter color at levels 3 and 5.
Finally, L has the highest brightness for both virgin and white hairs at level 7, and the highest yellowishness for virgin hairs at levels 3, 5, and 7. In other words, L is suitable for customers who don't like the red color and want a little more brightness at level 7.
This study compared and analyzed the differences between natural hair dyes that do not have reflective light by A, M, and L manufacturers. Since the selected hair dye brands and colors were not diverse, and comparisons with actual dyeing results were not possible, it is recommended that follow-up studies be conducted to identify the characteristics and differences of various hair dyes, as well as natural hair dyes, in addition to more hair dye brands and natural hair dyes.

Fig. 1.
Lab Instruments
JKSC-2024-30-6-1238f1.jpg
Fig. 2.
Staining Process
JKSC-2024-30-6-1238f2.jpg
Table 1.
Natural Color’s L*a*b* of L’s Company
Company L
Color Hair lever L* a* b*
1 virgin 16.3±0.02 0.3±0.11 1.3±0.03
white 13.5±0.26 0.00±0.05 0.9±0.06
3 virgin 15.4±0.05 0.5±0.03 3.0±0.04
white 16.1±0.08 0.3±0.04 3.0±0.06
5 virgin 18.1±0.01 2.7±0.07 6.3±0.06
white 20.4±0.11 2.4±0.06 6.3±0.04
7 virgin 23.1±0.01 3.7±0.07 8.0±0.04
white 31.4±0.03 5.9±0.02 16.1±0.03
Table 2.
Natural Color’s L*a*b* of M’s Company
Company M
Color Hair lever L* a* b*
1 virgin 16.27±0.01 0.43±0.2 10.57±0.57
white 17.30±0.03 0.29±0.08 -1.18±0.03
3 virgin 17.56±0.02 0.42±0.03 0.47±0.01
white 18.13±0.02 2.81±0.06 2.03±0.02
5 virgin 19.70±0.02 3.40±0.04 4.88±0.03
white 19.44±0.01 4.07±0.02 5.81±0.04
7 virgin 21.05±0.05 4.62±0.06 6.67±0.07
white 28.00±0.04 5.90±0.03 8.00±0.02
Table 3.
Natural Color’s L*a*b* of A’s Company
Company L
Color Hair lever L* a* b*
1 virgin 16.52±0.11 9.65±0.07 -0.07±0.10
white 16.48±0.09 7.17±0.06 1.37±0.02
3 virgin 14.95±0.41 5.95±0.31 1.24±0.05
white 19.71±0.08 12.91±0.07 4.27±0.04
5 virgin 17.20±0.14 11.49±0.23 2.76±0.07
white 21.01±0.19 14.20±0.07 6.36±0.06
7 virgin 19.50±0.23 15.94±0.04 6.11±0.07
white 23.72±0.17 13.42±0.17 7.65±0.08
Table 4.
The Natural Color’s L*, a*, b* of Companies L Compared to M
Company L/M
Color Hair lever ΔL* Δa* Δb*
1 virgin +0.03 -0.13 -9.27
white -3.8 -0.29 +2.08
3 virgin -2.16 +0.08 +2.53
white -2.03 -2.51 +0.97
5 virgin -1.6 -0.7 +1.42
white +0.96 -1.67 +0.49
7 virgin +2.05 -0.92 +1.33
white +3.4 0 +8.1
Table 5.
The Natural Color’s L*, a*, b* of Companies L Compared to A
Company L/A
Color Hair lever ΔL* Δa* Δb*
1 virgin -0.22 -9.35 +1.37
white -2.98 -7.17 -0.47
3 virgin +0.45 -5.45 +1.76
white -3.61 -12.61 -1.27
5 virgin +0.9 -8.79 +3.54
white -0.61 -11.8 -0.06
7 virgin +3.6 -12.24 +1.89
white +7.68 -7.52 +8.45
Table 6.
The Natural Color’s L*, a*, b* of Companies M Compared to A
Company M/A
Color Hair lever ΔL* Δa* Δb*
1 virgin -0.25 -9.22 +10.64
white +0.82 -6.88 -2.55
3 virgin +2.61 -5.53 -0.77
white -1.58 -10.1 -2.24
5 virgin +2.5 -8.09 +2.12
white -1.57 -10.13 -0.55
7 virgin +1.55 -11.32 +0.56
white +4.28 -7.52 +0.35

References

Cha, E. Y. (2013). a study on the hair trend of domestic and foreign beauty industry. Unpublished master’s thesis, Youngsan University, 1-3.
Chang, Y. H. (2015). A study on standard Korean hair color and hair coloring. Unpublished master’s thesis, SeoKyeong University, 55-57.
Cho, J. H., Lee, J. S., & Kim, M. J. (2002). Review on the marke for hair dye. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 8(1), 139-147.
Choe, J. W. (2017). A Study on the Self-hair Dyeing Behavior of Woman Aged From 20 to 50 Years. An effect. Journal of the Korean Society of Beauty and Arts, 18(3), 253-269.
Choi, H. R. (2016). A Comparative Study of the Awareness and Satisfaction of ‘Self-Tratment’ and ‘Salon Treatment’ Hair Coloring. Unpublished master’s thesis, SeoKyeong University, 1-4.
Kim, B. M., & Kim, J. H. (2001). A Study on Hair coloring. Report of Science Education, 32:55-67.
Kim, H. J. (2015). A study on standard Korean hair color and hair coloring. Unpublished master’s thesis, Hongik University, 1-9.
Lee, J. S. (2002). The importance of DRP Concept in hair coloring. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 8(1), 21-27.
Lee, R. J. (2020). A Study on the Awareness and Usage Status of Coloring of Human Hair, Unpublished master’s thesis, Sungshin Women’s Uviversity, 1-2.
Lee, S. J., & Kim, H. S. (2007). Hair damage of coloring hair by coloring condition. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 13(1), 15-24.
Lee, Y. H., & Do, J. H. (2019). Current Hair Coloring Services and Perception of Hair Dyeing in Beauty Salon. Journal of the Korean Society of Beauty and Arts, 20(4), 125-138.
crossref
Lee, Y. H. (2020). Analysis of Korean People’s Hair Colors and Preparation of Hair Color Chart. University unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kwangju Women’s University, 10-17.
Lee, Y. H. (2022). A study on consumer’s perception of beauty salon dyeing services. Journal of the Korean Society of Beauty and Arts, 23(3), 269-283.
crossref
Song, J. O. (2008), Recognition and the Actual Use of Hair Dyeing Among University Students. Unpublished master’s thesis, Daegu Hanny University, 1-3.
TOOLS
METRICS Graph View
  • 0 Crossref
  •  0 Scopus
  • 144 View
  • 4 Download
Related articles


ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
EDITORIAL POLICY
FOR CONTRIBUTORS
Editorial Office
69 Gwangju Yeodae-gil, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62396, Korea
Tel: +82-10-2825-6735   Fex: +82-62-950-3797    E-mail: beauty2007@hanmail.net                

Copyright © 2025 by Korean Society of Cosmetology.

Developed in M2PI

Close layer
prev next